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pl-eisbn-1543096 03 01 KRZYSZTOF SOŚNICA 15 9788393889808 00 BC B305 10 01 250 mm 02 176 mm 03 12 mm 08 200 gr 01 01 Determination of Precise Satellite Orbits and Geodetic Parameters using Satellite Laser Ranging 1 A01 Sośnica, Krzysztof Jakub NED 1 01 eng 11 256 03 A3 01 93 R 93 T 93 U 10 00 The contribution of Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) to the definition of the origin of the reference frame (geocenter coordinates), the global scale, and low degree coefficients of the Earth's gravity field is essential due to the remarkable orbit stability of geodetic satellites and the accuracy of laser observations at a level of a few millimeters. Considering these aspects, SLR has an exceptional potential in establishing global networks and deriving geodetic parameters of the supreme quality. SLR faces today the highest requirements of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) yielding 1 mm of long-term station coordinate and 0.1 mm/y of station velocity stability. The goal of this work is to assess the contribution of the latest models and corrections to the SLR-derived parameters, to enhance the quality and reliability of the SLR-derived products, and to propose a new approach of orbit parameterization for low orbiting geodetic satellites. The impact of orbit perturbations is studied in detail, including perturbing forces of gravitational origin (Earth's gravity field, ocean and atmosphere tides) and perturbing forces of non-gravitational origin (atmospheric drag, the Yarkovsky effect, albedo and Earth's infrared radiation pressure). A multi-satellite combined solution is obtained using SLR observations to LAGEOS-1, LAGEOS-2, Starlette, Stella, and AJISAI. The quality of the SLR-derived parameters from the combined solution is compared with external solutions. The Earth rotation parameters are compared to the IERS-08-C04 series and the GNSS-derived series, whereas the time variable Earth's gravity field coefficients are compared to the CHAMP and GRACE-derived results. 01 00 03 01 https://e-isbn.pl/IsbnWeb/record/show_cover.jpg?picture_id=1389 KRZYSZTOF SOŚNICA 01 KRZYSZTOF SOŚNICA Kalety PL 01 20140407 09 20140407 pl-eisbn-1543101 03 01 KRZYSZTOF SOŚNICA 15 9788393889853 00 BC 10 01 240 mm 02 170 mm 03 7 mm 08 100 01 01 Multi-GNSS precise point positioning using stochastic modeling of the clock parameter 1 A01 Mikoś, Marcin NED 1 01 eng 11 88 03 A3 01 93 TTDS 93 TTDX 93 TT 20 GNSS 20 Satellite Geodesy 20 Atomic clocks 12 00 Marcin Mikoś received his Master of Engineering in Geodesy and Cartography from the Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences in 2022, and is currently a PhD student at the indicated university. His main task includes multi-GNSS positioning with clock modeling. 10 00 The quality of the International GNSS Service (IGS) station coordinates depends, among other things, on the type of oscillator located at the station in undifferenced GNSS solutions. A distinction of the clock standards can be made between internal, rubidium, cesium, and hydrogen maser clocks. The stability of time standards can vary by several orders of magnitude depending on the type of clock. High accuracy clocks allow for the introduction of stochastic modeling in the absolute positioning algorithms which contributes to faster solution convergence and superior position accuracy. In the Precise Point Position (PPP) measurement technique based on multi-GNSS, the clock parameter may be determined in two ways. Either it is estimated separately for each system or a single clock parameter is determined for all systems, taking into account the inter-system biases. In this study, the stability of the station clocks is analyzed from PPP solutions for selected IGS stations using GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou-2 data. All analyses for the clock parameter are conducted for different types of oscillators along with the performance characteristics for each system. The quality of the oscillator has been verified by inter-epoch stability along with the detection of discontinuities at day boundaries that cause spikes in the clock parameter. Fast Fourier Transform and Modified Allan Deviation are used in the analyses to determine the dominant signals and to characterize the time and frequency stability of the GNSS-specific clock component parameters. The stability of inter-system clock solutions is analyzed, as well. As a result, the inter-epoch analysis helps to provide a value for the random walk constraint introduced as a stochastic parameter in the positioning algorithm. The analyses show that the errors associated with the repeatability of different GNSS systems cannot be identified in the time series of the clock parameters. In GNSS clock parameters, errors in diurnal and semidiurnal domains dominate, indicating the influence of local environmental conditions on the oscillator performance. An important advantage of modeling the clock parameter is to stabilize the station vertical coordinate component in multi-GNSS PPP solutions. In the example of the PTBB station, the use of modeling improved the stability of the vertical component by 10 mm (about 31%) by the means of the root mean square (RMS) error. 01 00 03 01 https://e-isbn.pl/IsbnWeb/record/show_cover.jpg?picture_id=126995 KRZYSZTOF SOŚNICA, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu, Instytut Geodezji i Geoinformatyki 01 KRZYSZTOF SOŚNICA Kalety PL 04 01 20220801 09 20220801 04 17 00 Instytut Geodezji i Geoinformatyki, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu 713205617 marcin.mikos@upwr.edu.pl 40 04 pl-eisbn-1543102 03 01 KRZYSZTOF SOŚNICA 15 9788393889860 00 BC 10 01 245 mm 02 170 mm 03 15 mm 08 300 01 01 Satellite Laser Ranging to Low Earth Orbiters for Orbit Validation and Determination of Global Geodetic Parameters 1 A01 Strugarek, Dariusz NED 1 01 eng 11 194 03 A3 01 93 PGC 93 PGS 93 PDD 20 Geodezja 20 SLR 20 Geodezja satelitarna 20 Misje kosmiczne 12 00 Dariusz Strugarek received a Ph.D. degree from UPWr in 2022. His research interests include the determination of SLR station coordinates and global geodetic parameters based on SLR observations of geodetic, LEO, and GNSS satellites. 10 00 Description and understanding of the dynamic Earth system, which changes in time and space, are the main goals of the International Association of Geodesy. These goals are being pursued by improving three pillars of geodesy: rotation; geometry; and gravity of the Earth, which provide a conceptual and observational basis for the high-quality geodetic terrestrial reference frames and global geodetic parameters. The list of global geodetic parameters includes the Earth Orientation Parameters, gravity ﬁeld coefficients, geocenter motion, and others. The four basic satellite and space geodetic techniques used for deriving global geodetic parameters and realization of the International Terrestrial Reference Frames (ITRF) include: Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), and Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS). Satellite and space geodetic techniques are supported by Earth observation satellite mission data and supplementary terrestrial measurements, which significantly contribute to a better understanding of geodynamic processes and phenomena that occur in the Earth system. There is no universal geodetic technique that can provide high-quality information on all global geodetic parameters. Different characteristics of particular geodetic techniques and satellite missions cause each to contribute more or less to the estimates of the parameters used for describing the Earth system. The SLR technique contributes mostly to the determination of the station coordinates, geocenter motion, coefficients of the Earth gravity ﬁeld, physical constants, or Earth rotation parameters. So far, the SLR-based estimates of parameters employ only the measurements to dedicated spherical geodetic satellites, such as LAGEOS-1/2. However, the vast majority of SLR observations constitute the measurements to non-spherical geodetic satellites, i.e., the low Earth orbit satellites and GNSS navigational constellations. SLR observations to low Earth orbiters and navigational satellites are usually used for the independent validation of their orbits derived by GNSS and DORIS. The continuous improvement, automatization, and enhancement of the SLR measurement systems improved the accuracy of SLR observations. The high-quality SLR data and GNSS-based precise orbit determination products of satellites create the possibility of widening the use of SLR observations to different types of satellites for other purposes. The conducted research aims to provide the ﬁrst analyses which use SLR observations to low Earth orbit satellites for the realization of reference frames and determination of global geodetic parameters, including geocenter motion, pole coordinates, and length-of-day parameter. The research includes: identifying systematic effects affecting SLR technique and GNSS-based orbit products; modeling systematic errors affecting SLR residuals; specifying the methodology and processing strategy for the integration and combination of SLR observations to different types of satellites; and providing precise station coordinates and global geodetic products. 01 00 03 01 https://e-isbn.pl/IsbnWeb/record/show_cover.pdf?picture_id=126887 KRZYSZTOF SOŚNICA, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu, Instytut Geodezji i Geoinformatyki 01 KRZYSZTOF SOŚNICA Kalety PL 04 01 20221023 09 20221023 07 30 00 Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu, Instytut Geodezji i Geoinformatyki dariusz.strugarek@igig.up.wroc.pl kdariusz.strugarek@upwr.edu.pl 20 04 pl-eisbn-1543104 03 01 KRZYSZTOF SOŚNICA 15 9788393889884 00 BC B305 10 01 250 mm 02 176 mm 03 11 mm 08 280 gr 01 01 Precise Orbit Determination of GNSS Satellites using Microwave and Laser Ranging Data 1 A01 Grzegorz Bury NED 1 Monografia 01 eng 05 124 03 A3 01 93 P 93 G 93 R 93 T 20 Geodezja satelitarna 20 GNSS 12 00 Grzegorz Bury graduated from UPWr in 2016 with a Master's Degree in Geodesy and Cartography. He is a Ph.D. candidate focusing on precise orbit determination of multi-GNSS satellites using microwave and SLR observations, as well as the improvement of the consistency between SLR and GNSS solutions. 10 00 Precise orbit determination (POD) of the Global Satellite Navigation System (GNSS) is especially important in light of the emerging of new global, and regional navigation systems. As for the operational systems such as America GPS or Russian GLONASS, the POD strategy is already elaborated, whereas for new systems there are still plenty of orbit mismodeling issues to be solved. Nowadays, apart from continuously being modernized GPS and GLONASS, the developed navigation system comprise the European Galileo, Chinese BeiDou, Japanese Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), and Indian NavIC, which gives, in total, over 100 navigation spacecraft in the sky. The reliable information about the trajectory of the navigation satellites is important in every sector which demands high-precision positioning, e.g., evaluation of the geophysical process in the Earth system, land surveying, civil engineering, search and rescue systems, and navigation. All satellites of the new emerging systems, as well as GLONASS satellites, are equipped with Laser Retroreflector Arrays (LRA) for the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) which gives a large number of opportunities to investigate the systematic errors. Moreover, for the Galileo satellites, the metadata containing both geometrical and optical data have been released, owing to which it is possible to compose the analytical model for the absorption of the direct solar radiation pressure (SRP) which is the highest non-gravitational perturbing force. SLR observations to GNSS satellites are typically used for the validation of the GNSS-based orbit products. However, SLR observations to GNSS satellites can be also used for an independent determination of the GNSS orbit parameters. This provides the boundary conditions for the precise GNSS orbit determination using solely SLR data. For the cm-level GNSS orbit, approximately 60 observations provided by ten evenly located SLR stations are needed. Moreover, SLR observations to GNSS satellites allow for the evaluation of the consistency between GNSS and SLR techniques. This study, presents the assessment of the so-called Blue-sky effect which results from the different wavelengths in which the two techniques operate. Based on the Galileo metadata the analytical box-wing model has been composed for the evaluation and absorption of the non-gravitational perturbing forces, i.e., SRP, albedo or Earth’s infrared radiation. The box-wing model can absorb up to 97% of the direct SRP whereas the rest can be compensated by a set of the estimated empirical parameters. This study presents the assessment of the non-gravitational perturbing forces acting on the Galileo satellite, as well as indicates the most suitable POD strategy allowing for the determination of the Galileo orbits with the 23 mm accuracy. 01 00 03 01 https://e-isbn.pl/IsbnWeb/record/show_cover.jpg?picture_id=54852 KRZYSZTOF SOŚNICA, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu, Instytut Geodezji i Geoinformatyki 01 KRZYSZTOF SOŚNICA Wrocław PL 04 01 20200213 09 20200213 00 50 00 23 896-000-53-54 Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences 713205683 +48 71 3205617 krzysztof.sosnica@upwr.edu.pl krzysztof.sosnica@upwr.edu.pl http://www.igig.up.wroc.pl 20 04 pl-eisbn-1543105 03 01 KRZYSZTOF SOŚNICA 15 9788393889891 00 BC B305 10 01 250 mm 02 176 mm 03 8 mm 08 90 gr 01 01 Web-application development for visualization and analyses of multi-GNSS orbit validation results using SLR 1 A01 Radosław Zajdel UBR 1 01 eng 03 pol 11 110 03 A3 01 93 G 93 R 93 U 93 T 12 00 Radosław Zajdel graduated from AGH University of Science and Technology in 2016 with a Bachelor's degree in Geodesy and Cartography. He is a last year MSc student of Geoinformatics at the Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences. His main field of interest is GNSS satellite orbits validation using Satellite Laser Ranging and analysis of SLR observations to GNSS satellites. 10 00 In the last decade, we have been witnessing a radical development of the new GNSS constellations. Besides the well-known GPS and GLONASS systems, newly developed systems such as Galileo, BeiDou and QZSS become increasingly important. One of the major challenges of the International GNSS Service is generating a homogeneous, multi-GNSS products of precise orbits. Currently, the SLR technique significantly contributes to the assessment and development of new multi-GNSS orbit models. Thanks to the adapting of the new generations of GNSS satellites to the SLR requirements, it became a valuable source of data, which allows for making an independent validation of microwave-based orbit products. In the result of the master thesis, a fully operational web-application called GOVUS has been developed. It allows for online, interactive visualizations and analyses of SLR validation results. The validation process is focused on COM orbits, deliver by CODE (Center for Orbit Determination in Europe) in the frame of the MGEX project. Moreover, the GOVUS database is an autonomous source of information about archival SLR validations results of COM orbits as well as laser stations and GNSS satellites. The created computational algorithms making use of the modified Bernese GNSS Software, provides fully automatic validation of new CODE's orbit products. Available modules allow for evaluating the orbit quality as well as for monitoring the efficiency and behavior of both particular laser stations and single satellites. The master thesis includes the comprehensive description of the functionality and the structure of the developed web-application as well as examples of analyses performed using only the service. Because of the unique character of the operational products based on the microwave and laser observations to the new GNSS systems, such as GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou and QZSS, on the basis of the decision of the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS) Governing Board and the ILRS Analysis Standing Committee, in March 2017 the service under the authority of Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences became the ILRS Associate Analysis Center (ILRS AAC). 01 00 03 01 https://e-isbn.pl/IsbnWeb/record/show_cover.jpg?picture_id=24411 KRZYSZTOF SOŚNICA, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu, Instytut Geodezji i Geoinformatyki 01 KRZYSZTOF SOŚNICA Wroclaw PL 04 01 20171001 09 20171001 13 60 00 23 896-000-53-54 Instytut Geodezji i Geoinformatyki, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu +48 71 3205683 krzysztof.sosnica@upwr.edu.pl krzysztof.sosnica@upwr.edu.pl http://www.igig.up.wroc.pl 20 04